Shade Conditions, Ten ways in which Plants Might Adapt to Reduced Light or 
Plants are able to adapt to reduced light or shade conditions in numerous ways, including:
1. Producing thinner, more elongated stems, which can also be more flexible. They will be reaching towards the light and with increased flexibility allows them to better orient themselves to capture the maximum amount of limited light.
2. More upright growth to reduce the potential for shading on other leaves and in grasses this also results in a reduction in tillering creating a more open sward.
3. An increase in greenness which can enhance the absorption of light by chlorophyll, with an increased d
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Shallow Rooting
An undesirable feature on a lawn or sports turf area, which produces a less healthy and strong turf surface. Grass roots will ideally penetrate to a good depth and will be able to explore a large volume of soil to extract available nutrients and water. A shallow rooted grass will not be able to do this and will have limited access to available water and nutrients for growth and development. It's ability to withstand wear and tear, as well as drought conditions will be severely limited.
Sheath
A protective covering around the lower part of a stem.
Shoot Density
A characteristic which is used to evaluate the number of shoots per unit area, which indicates a turfgrass cultivar's suitability for different situations. Bowling and golf greens, as well as croquet lawns, require dense swards to ensure a smooth direction of travel for the bowl or ball.
Short-day Plant
A plant which has a requirement for longer period so darkness than light. These plants will flower more during the early spring and late summer times.
Spike
A type of grass inflorescence, with the stalkless spikelets being directly attached to the flowering stem (culm). One of the commonest grasses with a spike is Perennial ryegrass.
Spike-like
A type of grass inflorescence, with very small stalks to the spikelets, forming a cylindrical shape, which can open out when in full flower. Examples of spikelike grasses include Timothy and Foxtails.
Stamen
The male reproductive feature of a flower, consisting of a filament, anther and pollen.
Stem
The main supporting feature and central axis of a plant to which branches, leaves and flowers are joined, either directly or indirectly. Buds can also be present and from these can arise leaves and flowers. Plants can have one or more (multi-) stems and the main vegetative growth point for many plants is from the tip of a stem (and leaves), with this being called an apical meristem. For some plants, such as grasses, the main growing point is from the base of the plant (the stem base) and is called an intercalary meristem.
The stem contains ‘channels’ called xylem and phloem which, respect
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Stem Height
The height at which the first reproductive stem or seed head is encountered. For annual meadow grass this can actually be quite low.