Botany and plant terminology

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A feature at the top of a Style a which receives pollen.

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An over ground horizontal growing plant stem. Some grass plants spread vegetatively by stolons. Adventitious roots and shoots develop from nodes on a stolon. An example of a grass plant that has stolons is Creeping Bent.

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The creation of a turf surface by the spreading of fragments of stolons over an area.

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A single opening, or pore, within the external surface layer of a plant. Stomata is the plural term for the many stoma which are present on plant leaves.

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Openings in the outer surface of a plant. Stomata are pores that are particularly present in the upper surface (which is also called the epidermis) of a grass leaf. These pores are enclosed by what are called guard cells, which control the opening and closing of the pores. Stomata allow for the exchange and transfer of gases and water vapour: Carbon dioxide into the plant and Oxygen out of the plant as part of the process of photosynthesis; and transfer out of the plant of Carbon dioxide and Water as part of the process of respiration. A single pore is called a Stoma.

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A classification of root which has a diameter of greater than 2mm. Examples of these are most tree roots (excluding root hairs), or a tap root of a dandelion.

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A feature, often a stalk, but it can have a feathery appearance as in grasses, which is part of the female reproductive organ, called a Carpel.

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The region from where new growth originates in grasses. New growth in grasses originates below the apex of a plant.

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A vegetative surface, typically of natural grass, but also including other content or features such as weeds, pests and diseases. A sward may be used to emphasise the actual visible surface, rather than also including the roots and growing medium, as included within the term turf. However, sward is frequently also referred to as a Turf or a Turf sward.

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The upper layer of green vegetation within a sward. This will include leaves but will typically exclude the lower basal leaf sheath.