Viviparous

1. Seed germination takes place whilst it is still attached to the plant. 2. Vegetative reproduction from a shoot.

  Washed Turf

A range of grown turf for all sports surfaces which has the soil growing medium washed away to produce a soil-less turf for laying on prepared surface without importing soil which may not be an ideal match for the existing rootzone. It is produced by County Turf.

  Water Loss from Plants

See Transpiration.

  Wildflower Meadow

A grassland which encourages the promotion of spring and / or summer wildflowers. There are many different types of meadow which might be considered. The following are based on the National Vegetation Classification (NVC) system : Ordinary meadow (the neutral grassland hay meadow), Improved grassland, Sown grassland, Marginal and neglected grassland, Floodplain grassland, Dales (Northern hay) meadow, Wet meadows, Occasional meadows, Natural meadows. (Peterken, G. (2013), Meadows, British Wildlife Collection, p.86)

  Wilting

The loss of water within plant cells results in a grass plant becoming less rigid. Leaves can effectively collapse when extreme wilting occurs. Wilting can arise due to many causes, including drought conditions, soil water content at temporary or permanent wilting point, high transpiration rates, poor root growth unable to meet plant needs during dry weather, as well as the influence of diseases or pests on plants. In addition, where fertiliser application, especially excessive, has occurred and there is a consequent high ‘salt’ concentration in the soil and sward, which has not been adequ

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  Winter Hardiness

The ability of plants to resist and adequately recover from damage caused by cold wintry conditions, especially Winter Burn and Winter Kill.

  Xeriscape

Turf care that significantly reduces or primarily eliminates the use of artificial watering; with the focus on producing a more sustainable surface. This approach can actually be undertaken by careful planning: for example, overseed when periods of rainfall are more likely than not to help aid seed germination and establishment: A range of more drought resistant and adaptable grasses can be used for some turf situations. The same would apply to fertiliser application to ensure the applied fertiliser is adequately washed in to avoid scorching the grass, although different fertilisers will affec

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  Xylem

A specialised vessel, with thickened, relatively rigid, dead cells which forms a network from the roots to the leaves and aids the flow of water throughout the plant.