Drainage Problems

Common problems, many of which are interconnected, can arise from new and existing drainage systems.

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  Drainage System

A method of improving the removal of water from a turf surface and soil profile. A system, often consisting of drainage pipes installed in accordance with a standard drainage layout, which allows for the removal of surface and sub-surface water from a turfgrass area. An Open Ditch Drainage System is also an appropriate system. The Flood and Water Management Act 2010 defines a drainage system as “a structure designed to receive rainwater except— (a) a public sewer, or (b) a natural watercourse.”

  Drainage Trench

A channel which has been cut into the ground and is backfilled with gravel and often including a pipe. There are different types of drainage trench: 1. Those which drain land over a defined area and are often form part of a standard drain system such as herringbone or grid. 2. An interceptor drainage trench, or French drain, which is typically located at the bottom of slopes or field perimeters to prevent lateral surface and sub-surface water entering a particular area.

  E Horizon

A layer which might exist between the A and B horizons. This is where organic matter, fine soil particles, and nutrients have been removed (washed down for example) from the A horizon forming a distinct lighter coloured layer sitting above the B horizon. It is also called the Eluvial Horizon.

  Edaphic

A relationship with the soil. Maintaining turf surfaces needs a good understanding of edaphic factors. For example, the moisture content of a soil and how this might affect the effectiveness of aeration or rolling. The soil texture and how much water might be retained or how much nutrients might be available to a plant. Soil structure and its drainage potential; or soil pH and its effect on grass development.

  Eluvial Horizon

See E Horizon.

  Exchange Capacity

The total of a soils ability to retain and exchange positively and negatively charged elements (termed ions) within a soil. The term is primarily used to refer to that of Cation Exchange Capacity, but the process of Anion Exchange Capacity should not be overlooked.

  F Horizon/Layer/Zone

The Fermentation horizon within a soil profile. Where present, it forms part of the O Horizon.

  Fall [1]

See Gradient.

  Fan Drainage

A drainage system which might be used for small localised areas. Lateral drainage trenches run into a central point, typically a soakaway or a silt trap. The trenches will be in the pattern of a fan, similar to outstretched fingers on a hand.