Scienctific terminology useful for Grounds Management

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The second part of a species name which comes after the genus name. For example, rubra is the specific epithet element of the name Festuca rubra.

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A reproductive cell of numerous organisms, including fungi, bacteria, algae, moss, ferns and conifers.

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The selective and specifically targeted treatment of a pesticide to an individual plant (for example, a selective herbicide being applied to a single broad leaved weed) or to a small area of turf which has a very localised condition which needs treating.

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A dye which is added to a pesticide solution in a spray tank to help show where a pesticide has been sprayed, aiming to reduce misapplication and increase efficiency of the spraying operation.

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The total volume of a mixture used for spraying, which is the amount of the pesticide concentrate and the amount of water for the area being sprayed.

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A plant organ, such as a stolon or rhizome, which is planted in a prepared seed bed to help establish a new sward. The use of sprigs is common for the vegetative establishment of many warm season grasses.

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A measure of the variation, or variability, in data relative to the mean value of the data. It identifies how far some values might be from the mean of the data set. This method helps to locate values within a normal distribution (also called the empirical rule with 3 standard deviations of the mean), with this being as follows: • 68.27% of values would be within 1 standard deviation of the mean. • 95.45% of values would be within 2 standard deviations of the mean. • 99.73% of values would be within 3 standard deviation of the mean. M. W. Toews, CC BY 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons, https:

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Divide the area into sub-areas, as either regular (such as squares) or irregular shapes based on the population/s being present. The use of an irregular shape might be where there are noticeable variations in vegetation within the defined area, e.g. The sample points are selected at random, with the same number of points within each sub-area.

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Something that causes stress to an organism. Typically, a stressor will be abiotic, anthropogenic, or biotic.

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The cell fluid within a chloroplast which surround the grana.