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Organisms that are usually unicellular (sometimes multi-cellular), that lack a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle: These types of cells are found in organisms within the Monera and Protista Kingdoms; the earlier classifications being called Archaea and Bacteria. Compare with Eukaryotes.

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A large molecular nitrogenous organic compound consisting of one or more amino acids. These form structural parts of plants, as well as forming enzymes.

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A kingdom of organisms with cells which contain a nucleus (termed eukaryotic cells), but are not plants, animals or fungi. This is a broad term which is used to include organisms such as amoeba, protozoa, slime molds, and some red or brown algae.

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Covered with a whitish, powdery substance.

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The height to the ligule of the youngest mature leaf. It is measured from the base of a tiller.

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Being covered in soft, often short, hairs.

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A frame, typically square, which is divided into equal squares to help in the accurate assessment of an area. A quadrat can be used to assess the ground coverage, along with identified species of plants, disease, or pest within the quadrat. Typical sizes for grass surfaces are: 0.5mx0.5m; 0.75mx0.75m; and 1.0mx1.0m. each will typically be divided into 100 squares. Photograph of a simple wire-framed quadrat Besides short vegetation a quadrat can also be used for larger types of vegetation and in these cases would be marked out using string or tape, for example: • Tall vegetatio

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The enhancement of something, which does not require a consumption of natural resources. Improving human development, well-being, happiness, empathy for others, the overall quality of life, as well as improved air quality, soil quality, biodiversity, water quality – all through better pollution controls and less overuse and consumption of natural resources – can contribute to qualitative growth, without an increase in quantitive growth. It is relatively easy to extract natural resources, manufacture a product and grow an economy through societal consumption, however, this almost inevitably has

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