Inhibitor

An artificial substance, of which there can be many types, used for different requirements. It might slow down the activity of soil micro-organisms, in breaking down applied fertiliser nitrogen. It may inhibit a particular plant physiological process and may be especially used in inhibiting or suppressing plant growth.

  Insect

An animal belonging to the taxonomic class Insecta. Insects have an outer shell (an exoskeleton), a body of three parts (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs and one pair of antennae. The legs and the wings are connected to the thorax. Common turf insects are Leatherjackets and Chafers.

  Instar

A development stage of arthropods, such as an insect, as it transitions through its stages of growth, after it moults (i.e. sheds its skin, or exo-skeleton). When an insect hatches from an egg it is in its first instar, after moulting it will then be in its second instar. The number of instars will vary with species.

  Integrated Control

A process of controlling undesirable organisms using a variety of methods. The desired methods form part of a systematic approach to controlling undesirable organisms, with a typical example being Integrated Pest Management.

  Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

The term Integrated Pest Management evolved over time from different terminology centred on pest management and integrated control, finally becoming accepted in 1972. The original emphasis of IPM was on insect pests and how to reduce their negative economic impact on crops, however, this term has developed to include fungi, bacteria, weeds and other organisms within the term pests. [1]

  Integrated Pest Management: Benefits

Benefits gained from implementing an IPM programme are often conditional on correct application of the system and other interrelated factors such as sward condition and turf management practices aimed at the sustainable management of a turfgrass surface.

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  Integrated Pest Management: Limitations

Limitations, as well as disadvantages, of IPM can include: • A misunderstanding, or lack of knowledge, of the concept and how it needs to be actively applied and managed. • The time and related costs needed for planning and implementing the system, including what to include, i.e. the specific pests, diseases, weeds, and gaining agreement from stakeholders on what is an acceptable or even appropriate threshold for each organism. • There can still be a primary, even sub-conscious, focus or bias on pesticide control, treating other potential control methods more as supporting controls. The out

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  Integrated Pesticide Management

See Other IPM.

  Integrated Turf Management (ITM)

The use of a range of hierarchical control methods for two purposes.

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  Intergeneric Hybrid

This is a cross between plants from two genera, for example, Cupressus macrocarpa (now reclassified in the genus Hesperocyparis) (the Monterey cypress) and Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (now reclassified in the genus Callitropsis) (the Nootka cypress) = x Cupressocyparis leylandii (now reclassified as Cupressus x leylandii) (Leyland cypress).