Integrated Control

A process of controlling undesirable organisms using a variety of methods. The desired methods form part of a systematic approach to controlling undesirable organisms, with a typical example being Integrated Pest Management.

  Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

The term Integrated Pest Management evolved over time from different terminology centred on pest management and integrated control, finally becoming accepted in 1972. The original emphasis of IPM was on insect pests and how to reduce their negative economic impact on crops, however, this term has developed to include fungi, bacteria, weeds and other organisms within the term pests. [1]

  Integrated Pesticide Management

See Other IPM.

  Intergeneric Hybrid

This is a cross between plants from two genera, for example, Cupressus macrocarpa (now reclassified in the genus Hesperocyparis) (the Monterey cypress) and Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (now reclassified in the genus Callitropsis) (the Nootka cypress) = x Cupressocyparis leylandii (now reclassified as Cupressus x leylandii) (Leyland cypress).

  Interspecific Hybrid

This is a cross between plants from two species (within the same genus), for example, Spartina alterniflora and Spartina maritima = Spartina x townsendii (Townsend's Cord-Grass), which is a sterile hybrid.

  Invasive Species

These are non-native species which are harmful and detrimental to the area they occur in. Human activity has increased the rate at which invasive species are brought into a country or area and the speed of spread once they have arrived. These species can significantly alter the native ecosystem, reducing biodiversity and often having a negative economic impact on built environments. Japanese knotweed is arguably the most infamous invasive weed in the country. In 2015 there were an estimated 2,000 invasive non-native species in Great Britain. (‘The Great Britain Invasive Non-native Species

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  Invertebrate

An animal that does not have a backbone, which is known as a vertebrae. Insects, nematodes and earthworms fall within this category.

  Ion [1]

An atom or molecule with an electrical charge. A positively charged ion is called a cation; whilst a negatively charged ion is called an anion.

  Keel

A distinct main central rib on the underside of a grass leaf, from which each side of a leaf towards the tip will curve upwards to have a boat shaped appearance, similar to the bow (front) of a ship. This is typical in annual meadow grass and is a good characteristic to aid identification.

  Kingdom

A taxonomic category that is used to group organisms. They are grouped from similar Divisions or Phyla. In some classification systems this is the highest-ranking hierarchical group. The use of higher-level Domains, or Super Kingdoms, may also be identified in some systems.