Edging a Turf Surface 
An untidy grass perimeter might be damaged, misaligned over time, and /or just look untidy and straggly. If trimming the edge with edging shears is not likely to provide a solution, then what is needed is an edging iron (either with a hand tool or mechanical edger) to tidy it up.
Edging Iron
An edging iron is a semi-circular disc used to cut into turf, forming a tidy finish. Edging a lawn, or similar turf area, may typically take place on an annual basis, especially where the grass has overgrown a hard area adjoining the turf surface. It might be less frequent where one would be cutting back into a lawn. It is also commonly called a Half Moon, and also an Edging Knife.
Effective Cutting Height
The actual height at which a turf surface is cut. It can be less than the bench setting where the surface is moist and soft, and the mower sinks into the sward.
Engine, Four-Stroke
An internal combustion engine (which is also called a four-cycle engine) in which an engine block (which also has water cooling chambers within the block) houses several cylinders, each having a piston, which is attached to a crankshaft by a connecting rod, and an inlet (intake) and outlet (exhaust) valve. The piston moves twice up and twice down the cylinder, making four separate strokes, with each stroke being 180 degrees of movement, therefore two complete revolutions of the crankshaft. Ignition is either by a spark plug in petrol engines or through compression of air (which increase the t
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Engine, Two-Stroke
An internal combustion engine (which is also called a two-stroke cycle engine) that is air cooled, without an oil sump, and in which an engine block houses a cylinder with a piston, which is attached to a crankshaft by a connecting rod, and an inlet (intake) port, outlet (exhaust) port, and a transfer port, which connects the cylinder space above the piston with the space below the piston, i.e. the crankcase. The piston moves once down and once up the cylinder, making two separate strokes, with each stroke being 180 degrees of movement, therefore producing one complete revolution of the cranks
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Fertilise
The application of a fertiliser. Also referred to as just Feed.
Fertiliser
A material which supplies one or more plant nutrients.
Fertiliser Choice
Choosing a fertiliser involves more than just picking up a lawn / turf fertiliser that might be in a store and then applying it to a grass surface. Consider a number of factors that might influence the choice of fertiliser for a particular turfgrass surface.
Firstly, consider what is the purpose for applying the fertiliser, so reflect on what it is needed for: See Fertiliser Purpose.
Other factors include:
• The cost: This will limit what might be available for someone to purchase.
• What type of spreader or applicator is available? There is not much point buying a liquid fertiliser
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Fertiliser Purpose
There can be many reasons for applying a fertiliser to a turfgrass surface, but the main reasons for this can include:
• Maintaining and encourage a healthy sward.
• Producing a hard wearing and resilient surface.
• Aiding speed of recovery from wear.
• Reducing susceptibility to disease attack.
• Creating a relatively dense sward which makes it more difficult for weeds to invade and colonise.
• Provide a uniform and pleasing visual appearance.
• Provide for a steady development of the grass plant, rather than a flush of lush growth if too much is applied at any one time.
Fertiliser Scorch
A burning of grass leaves, or the grass crown if severely scorched, due to a spillage of fertiliser or over application during distribution. Spilt fertiliser should be swept up as soon as possible and then the area where the spillage occurred should be thoroughly watered and soaked to help wash in any fertiliser and to remove any dusting from the material off the grass leaves. If spilt fertiliser is left on a sward, then it will most likely kill it. Where an overapplication has occurred and the scorching effect is only just being noticed then a thorough watering of the sward should be carried
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