Rhizome 
An underground growing plant stem. Some grass plants spread vegetatively by rhizomes. Adventitious roots and shoots develop from nodes on a rhizome. Rhizomes help to bind a soil and improve traction for users. An example of a grass plant that has rhizomes is Strong Creeping Red Fescue.
Ribbing
A linear uniform pattern of low narrow strips, alternating between shorter and taller grass heights, after mowing with a cylinder mower. This results from either the cylinder and the bottom blade being set too tightly, the grass is just too long for the mower, or the forward speed is too fast.
Ribose
A carbohydrate compound which is a building block for many other compounds and is used within many metabolic functions. It has a chemical formula of C5H10O5.
Root Associations
Roots can have a symbiotic (mutually beneficial) association with other organisms, in particular:
• Mycorrhiza (which are fungi), e.g. Betula pendula (Silver Birch) and many other woodland trees.
• Rhizobium (bacteria), e.g. the root nodules on plants in the Pea family (Fabaceae, previously Leguminosae), such as clover plants.
Root Tip
The end of a root which contains a root cap that protects the growing region of the apical meristem just behind the cap. The cells of the root cap are constantly being replaced by new cells, because with roots growing through a soil the cells on the cap will become worn and eroded, thereby need to be replaced to maintain the effectiveness of the root cap.
Located just behind the apical meristem is an area called the area or zone of elongation which also increases root length, and behind this is the area or zone of maturation in which root hairs are present. The root hairs increase the area
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Rotary Mower
A mower with a horizontal blade, protected by a chassis, which cuts grass by high powered impact. These mowers come in a wide range of widths and power sizes, from small powered devices to tractor operated. Rotary mowers might also have rear rollers to help produce a nice stripe effect on a turf surface, or can also provide a mulching effect, in which case they are called a Mulching mower. A rotary mower can give a good finish to a turfgrass surface, especially general-purpose lawns and general sports surfaces. It is also sometimes called a Finishing Mower, especially where used in agricultural or equine situations.
Salt
A chemical compound with negative and positive ions, producing a net zero electrical charge for the material. Soils with a high salt concentration, which can arise immediately after the application of a fertiliser, where applied at a high rate and where soil moisture becomes limited, can inhibit plant growth by reducing water uptake and effectively drying out the plant, including root shrinkage.
Whilst common salt (Sodium chloride - NaCl from the combining of the ions Na+ and Cl-) is often first considered as what is meant by salt, especially in coastal soils, any combination of elements a
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Saprophyte
An organism which absorbs nutrients from dead organic material.
Sclerenchyma
One of the three main ground tissues (the others being Collenchyma and Parenchyma). These cells provide firm structural support to a plant, appearing as layers, strands or bundles of often significantly lignified cells, which decompose slowly, in contrast to the cell constituents of cellulose and hemi-cellulose. There are two types of sclerenchyma: Fibres and Sclereids.
Secondary Data