Curative Control

The use of a pesticide to eliminate problems from existing weeds, pests and diseases. The main use of curatives within turf management is probably in the use of selective herbicides and contact fungicides.

  Curative Wetting Agent

A substance which is used to improve prevailing conditions of hydrophobic soil conditions, such as dry patch.

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  Cuticle

A thin layer of protective and waterproofing material which is located on the surface of plant leaves and stems.

  Cutin

A waxy material from which a plant cuticle is formed.

  Cytokinins

These are plant hormones that encourage cell division, especially at the tip ends of shoots and roots (the apical meristems).

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  DAFOR Scale

A scale which can be used in surveys (which are qualitative and subjective) for estimating the abundance of species within a defined area such as a large quadrat, field or sports pitch.

  Daily Light Integral

The amount of useful light an area of vegetation receives over a day. It is measured by totalling the amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), in the 400-700nm range, received in a square metre over a 24-hour period: the sum of the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) in μmol m−2 s−1 over a full day and is typically expressed as a figure for mol m-2 d- (e.g. DLI of 20). The amount of sun hours, daylight, cloud cover, shade cast, latitude, light intensity and time of day can all affect the total figure. The term is often shortened to DLI. Perennial ryegrass has an esti

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  Data Analysis

Investigating, applying statistical techniques, evaluating and using data to identify trends or relationships which can complement a research project or benefit an organisation. The findings from the analysis of data can help to significantly improve decision making. If a field survey is carried out a certain amount of data will be collected. This raw data needs to be analysed so that it can be presented in a meaningful way within the body of the report. Whilst there are many statistical techniques that might be used to analyse data, a basic start can be made by looking at a few ways of

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  Data Codes

A coding system for recording findings in a survey and to allow for easier analysis of digital records, with standard terminology and coding being used to maintain consistency. One example of some data codes is that which is used in a JNCC Phase 1 survey, although a wide range of coding methods can be created for a survey or recording system. Mapping colour codes, including: • Woodland - B-L (Broad-Leaved) - Plantation: Green. • Neutral grassland - Unimproved: Orange. • Misc - Boundary - Intact hedge: Green. • Wall: Scarlet red. Alphanumeric reference codes, includ

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  Data Collection

There are many ways in which data can be collected and recorded, some ways being more appropriate than others for the type of target (eg. plants) being investigated. The following table identifies a range of possible collection methods, some of which could be adapted to investigate some of the other target groups.