Cultivar 
A plant which has been cultivated by humans and are maintained by them to (artificially) retain their particular characteristics through the process of propagation. It is a plant that has not been bred or developed in the wild. Cultivar is a contraction of the words cultivated variety.
Cultural Control
Practices which are undertaken that focus on improving or maintaining turf health. Examples include:
• Fertiliser applications using correct balanced nutrition, which doesn't create excessive growth.
• Amending soil pH to discourage some weeds, surface earthworm activity, and to produce conditions less suitable for disease attack.
Curative Control
The use of a pesticide to eliminate problems from existing weeds, pests and diseases. The main use of curatives within turf management is probably in the use of selective herbicides and contact fungicides.
Curative Wetting Agent
A substance which is used to improve prevailing conditions of hydrophobic soil conditions, such as dry patch.
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Cuticle
A thin layer of protective and waterproofing material which is located on the surface of plant leaves and stems.
Cutin
A waxy material from which a plant cuticle is formed.
Cytokinins
These are plant hormones that encourage cell division, especially at the tip ends of shoots and roots (the apical meristems).
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DAFOR Scale
A scale which can be used in surveys (which are qualitative and subjective) for estimating the abundance of species within a defined area such as a large quadrat, field or sports pitch.
Daily Light Integral
The amount of useful light an area of vegetation receives over a day. It is measured by totalling the amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), in the 400-700nm range, received in a square metre over a 24-hour period: the sum of the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) in μmol m−2 s−1 over a full day and is typically expressed as a figure for mol m-2 d- (e.g. DLI of 20). The amount of sun hours, daylight, cloud cover, shade cast, latitude, light intensity and time of day can all affect the total figure. The term is often shortened to DLI.
Perennial ryegrass has an esti
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Data Analysis
Investigating, applying statistical techniques, evaluating and using data to identify trends or relationships which can complement a research project or benefit an organisation. The findings from the analysis of data can help to significantly improve decision making.
If a field survey is carried out a certain amount of data will be collected. This raw data needs to be analysed so that it can be presented in a meaningful way within the body of the report.
Whilst there are many statistical techniques that might be used to analyse data, a basic start can be made by looking at a few ways of
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