Levelling [1]

The process of making a surface even. This can be achieved by either the Cut and Fill Technique, or Strip and Replace Technique: See Grading. For small areas of lawn that have a hollow present which needs levelling, then a typical technique which is used is to cut the turf into strips, roll it back, fork over the base, fill the hollow with a suitable topsoil, and refirm the area so as to produce a suitable level for the surface. Finally, the turf is then relaid. Relevelling a small hollow in a lawn Cut out area that is to be lifted using an edging iron so that the turf can be relaid

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  Levelling [2]

The use of equipment to determine the relative heights of an area of land. This then provides the required information for levelling the piece of land.

  Loot

An old-fashioned way of spelling Lute.

  Lute

An item of equipment which is a rigid rectangular frame with typically three or four angled bars across. One side of the frame is smooth for lighter work, whilst the other is for heavier duty work. It is used to help work top-dressing into a grass surface, for collecting hollow-tine cores, or to even out the soil on a seed or turf bed.

  Luting

The action of using a lute in turf maintenance activities.

  Marking Out

The act of marking out an area, typically a sports surface, but it may also be the marking out of drainage trench lines. This is usually undertaken using a white liquid paint, or similar, material. Marking out is undertaken after setting out has taken place. See also 3:4:5 Triangle.

  Material Application: Influencing Factors

There are many factors which can influence the application of a material, including:

  Meadow Turf

A general turf cut from old farm grassland, meadow areas, or any other general grassed area. It should never be used for lawns or sports surfaces. There might be a place for meadow turf in very general amenity grass areas which are of a low quality, however, seeding would almost always be more appropriate for such situations.

  Milling

The cutting of grooves into a sward, for example, as a result of scarification. This is an uncommon term that is rarely used in the UK.

  Mole Plough

A metal rod shaped like a bullet, with a wide diameter plug or expander attached which is pulled through the soil. The bullet is fitted to a metal plate which is used to adjust the depth of the channel (called a mole channel) by the rod within the soil. The plug, or expander, helps to firm up the mole channel produced by the bullet by compressing the soil sides as it is drawn (or pulled) through the soil. A mole plough is a cheap form of drainage with limited, but helpful, capabilities in sports turf situations. The soil needs to be relatively stone free, with a clay content of at least 35% and a sand content of less than 30%.