Cultural Dimensions

A theory of how a society’s culture preference (not an individual’s cultural preference) can influence the behaviours and values of its members. This was originally developed by Geert Hofstede whilst at IBM during the late 1960s and early 1970s using four dimensions but increased to six following collaboration with other researchers. This model can be of use to help organisations better understand cultural differences when operating across national boundaries. The six dimensions of culture to the model, which are used to better understand the cultural differences which can exist between nations are:
• Power Distance Index: How members view inequality and power differences.
• Collectivism v Individualism: The relationship between individual requirements in contrast to group or team requirements.
• Femininity v Masculinity: Attitudes which balance empathetic caring traits with stronger physical perceptions.
• Indulgence v Restraint: The balance between wants and needs.
• Long-term v Short- term orientation: The balance between immediate goals and sustainable, enduring goals.
• Uncertainty avoidance index: The extent or tolerance of risk, regulations and rules to reduce ambiguity and risk, as well as freedom of actions.