Field Survey Techniques  
  

Specific survey sampling techniques and designs that can be used for sampling the subjects of interest, especially plants and animals, include:
1. Sampling of plants:
•	Quadrat.
•	Transect - line/belt.
•	Plotless.
2. Sampling designs:
•	Random sampling.
•	Systematic.
•	Stratified random.
3. Sampling of animals:
•	Small mammals (live traps).
•	Birds (observational count) - line transect.
•	Invertebrates: Tree beatings; Sweep netting; Malaise trap; Pitfall traps.
•	Large mammals (including people): Observational count.
Advanced surveying of animals are not covered in this guide, but the use of a walkover observation count for animals and birds would be appropriate for general field surveys.