European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018

This started the implementation of the consequences of the Brexit vote of 2016, with the main purpose of the Act being to repeal the European Communities Act 1972, on the exit day (Section 1). Other key features include:
• Section 2, which states that “EU-derived domestic legislation, … continues to have effect in domestic law on and after exit day”.
• Section 3, involves the incorporation (i.e the conversion) of direct EU legislation into domestic law.
• Section 8 which is ‘Dealing with deficiencies arising from withdrawal' states that a minister “may by regulations make such provision as the Minister considers appropriate to prevent, remedy or mitigate—
o any failure of retained EU law to operate effectively, or
o any other deficiency in retained EU law,
arising from the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU.”

The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2019 was repealed on 23 January 2020, whilst the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2020 implements the Withdrawal Agreement between the UK and the EU for the UK's withdrawal from the EU and makes other provisions in connection with the agreement. The UK formally left the EU on 31 January 2020 at 11 p.m. GMT, or midnight CET.