Weed Seed Spread

Weed seeds can be spread by various methods, including:
• being imported in unsterilized top-dressings;
• wind;
• water courses, or by flooded areas;
• animal, including bird, dung, i.e. after being eaten;
• adhering to the fur of animals;
• in clippings where they are not boxed off, especially annual meadow grass;
• contamination of machinery that isn't cleaned after use as well as footwear/clothes;
• pieces of cut or torn root;
• by vegetative means ¯ rhizomes and stolons.